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A Tale of Weird, Dumb Luck in Oregon Astronomy – Beach Connection

A Tale of Weird, Dumb Luck in Oregon Astronomy

Published
05/13/2013

By Andre’ Hagestedt

(Portland, Oregon) – To paraphrase an old cliché from dozens of blues songs: if it weren’t for weird luck, I’d have no luck at all. (Above: nighttime above Cape Foulweather, near Depoe Bay)

This seems my lot in life when it comes to photographing astronomical and scientific phenomena. Granted, I get some incredible shots of some really cool things – and often even more than what I’m aiming for. The Transit of Venus last year. Some great lunar eclipses. Plenty of star movement in those nighttime photos of the Oregon coast (which, unfortunately, way too many uninformed people still mislabel “meteor showers”). And so many nearly-unexplainable sights in those night skies on the beach in the form of fishing boats and odd light casts in the air, stuff that consistently surprises me.

Then there are the things I get to see which no one else does (largely because I’m some sort of beachy night owl who lurks on the sands in the wee hours). Things like glowing sand – quite a bit. Or tons of shooting stars.

Yet these things I can only write about – as I can never seem to catch them with my camera.

Such was the case with this last batch of amazing shooting stars that hit Oregon around May 5. It was May 6, about 3 a.m., when I wandered into my favorite secret spot between Hillsboro and the Oregon coast range to try and photograph those Aquarid meteors.

Here, I saw some of the most incredible fireballs of my entire life. These were not those quickly darting, sparks of light that most shooting stars are made of. Indeed, these were intensely elongated streaks that almost seemed to slow-burn their way through the atmosphere, ending in a fizzle that looked a bit like a sparkler. (Above: iridium flare in the coast range)

In spite of being only tiny granules of dust, these were spectacular. A streak so long it seemed to happen in slow motion (though I’m sure it wasn’t much longer than the usual falling star), and often with a bit of a red or orange cast to it, adding to the fiery quality. Then at its end a true fireball: it sometimes resembled a giant match head in the sky, giving off one last blast and blaze – a final blaze of glory.

Yet wherever I had my camera lens trained on, these did not occur there. They happened elsewhere in the sky, far from the reach of my rig’s line of sight.

After more than an hour, and about 150 photos later, I knew I’d come away with nothing. In that time, I probably saw six of these mammoth monsters. But none graced the workings of my handy digital friend. However, I knew I’d have to sit in front of my computer and check all these shots carefully, because you never know what you’ll get. There could be a surprise.

Indeed, there was. But not the kind I’d hoped. (Above: Seaside, Oregon at night)

Somewhere in the final ten of that 150 exposures, I did spot a little streak. Unfortunately, this I recognized as not a meteor. Yet, with no small sense of irony, this was something rarer. Really much rarer, by comparison.

It was an iridium flare. Not a meteor.

An iridium flare is a unique glimpse of a satellite, one where the sun briefly reflects off its iridium surface. These are actually much harder to see than a meteor because they happen way less often.

I later got near-confirmation from astronomy expert Jim Todd at OMSI this is what it had to be. In order to really confirm it, he pointed me to a website that helps you do just that, although it did not have the date quite right. So there’s a little wiggle room here for total confirmation, but this has all the telltale, cylindrical shape and configurations of a satellite glinting in the sunlight – and not a shooting star.

I’ve seen probably close to 100 shooting stars out on the coast at night, usually around the Manzanita or Cannon Beach area, and a fair amount down on the central Oregon coast. But I’ve never actually SEEN an iridium flare.

But oh, the most bitter of ironies: I’ve never photographed this most-favored sight of a shooting star. Yet this is the second time I’ve snapped an iridium flare while trying to get a meteor.

The first was in Manzanita last year. These bright, clear summer night skies were yielding a fair amount of little streaks in the sky, and plenty of awe-inspiring glimpses of the Milky Way galaxy. (Above: iridium flare at Manzanita, in the upper left corner)

Try as I might, my dozens of exposures yielded no fiery ball of dust. But upon closer inspection on my laptop, I spotted one streak, which later turned out to be most likely an iridium flare. This one was darting down above Neahkahnie Mountian, somewhere near the Big Dipper.

Of course, then there’s that sad tale of the “glowing sand” phenomenon, which is so faint on this Oregon coast it’s impossible to photograph. Don’t even get me started on that.

With such odd, even twisted luck, I don’t know what to expect next. Perhaps some day – or night, rather – I’ll be trying to photograph the surreal things fishing boats do to the night skies. And then, somewhere behind me – in the grand tradition of flicks like “Close Encounters of the Third Kind” – some giant alien orb will be checking me out.

Knowing my luck, I won’t catch it either. But its glow will probably just ruin my shot.

 

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Article source: http://www.beachconnection.net/news/iflare051313_510.php

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Halley’s Comet Legacy: Photos of Eta Aquarid Meteor Shower

See stargazer photos from the 2013 Eta Aquarid meteor shower spawned by Halley’s Comet. SPACE.com readers sent in the amazing ‘shooting stars’ images.

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NASA approves $5 million for Hawaii asteroid detection project

Meteors are entering the Earth’s atmosphere all the time, in the form of what we know as shooting stars. But Friday’s meteor over Russia was a little too large and too close for comfort.

“The shooting stars that you see in the sky are caused by tiny bits of space debris about the size of a grain of sand, so compared to that yes, a 40-foot space dome is ginormous,” Bishop Museum Education Director Mike Shanahan said.

Scientists say meteors that size fall to earth about once a year. We just don’t always see them.

While they don’t usually cause widespread destruction, they’re still a concern.

“It struck me that there was this kind of hole, that this imminent impacter risk is real and it comes from very small things,” said Dr. John Tonry, Professor at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy.

“As these observation methods get more precise, we’ll get more and more ability to catch the smaller and smaller space rocks before they surprise us,” Shanahan said.

Which is exactly what Dr. Tonry’s Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System would do.

“It’s gonna involve small telescopes about the size of a good garbage can, but very wide fields of view and the intent is to basically scan the whole sky a couple times a night and that makes it possible for things to sneak through,” Dr. Tonry said.

The $5 million ATLAS project recently received funding from NASA and will be able to detect exactly when and where a meteor would hit.

“We can say it will be exactly such and so a position to within a mile and it’ll happen at exactly such and such a time within a second,” Dr. Tonry said.

This, all happening right here in the middle of the Pacific.

“We have some of the best research in the world being done right here in the Hawaiian islands,” Dr. Tonry said.

Dr. Tonry says that if ATLAS were up and running before the arrival of the meteor over Russia, it could have provided about a day’s warning.

Article source: http://www.khon2.com/content/news/editorschoice/story/NASA-approves-5-million-for-Hawaii-asteroid/ADFb_2jCqkWtekvUJ_SGNQ.cspx

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Leonid meteor shower peaks this weekend: Watch with NASA online

Stargazers, get psyched: The Leonid meteor shower is expected to peak late Friday night and continue through the weekend.

If you can find a clear, dark spot where the starry night sky is visible, you can expect to see as many as 15 to 20 shooting stars per hour. 

The Leonid meteor shower takes place each November as the Earth passes through a ring of rocky debris left by the comet Tempel-Tuttle.

The number of shooting stars we get to see down here is determined by what part of the comet’s orbit we pass through on any given year. In 1996, a pass through a really rocky part of the comet’s orbit led to a meteor storm of up to 1,000 per hour. 

The 15 to 20 meteors per hour expected this year is considered average for the Leonids.

If you live in a city like Los Angeles, where light pollution makes it difficult to see any stars at all, you’ve got a few options for catching this annual meteor shower.

You could head out to the desert or up into the mountains to get away from the city lights.

However, here in the West, cloudy skies may make the Leonids difficult to view.

Your best bet may be to watch the shower online with thousands of other virtual stargazers. NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has set up a live Ustream feed of the view from a telescope turned to the skies over Huntsville, Ala. It will be running through Tuesday.

Watching a celestial event on a computer screen doesn’t have the same magic as lying on your back in the dark of night and watching directly, but it does let you participate in a global stargazing experience without leaving the comfort of your own light-polluted town.

Live stream by Ustream

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Article source: http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-leonid-meteor-shower-online-20121116,0,3576834.story

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Following the stars

In that time, Sinkay, an insurance broker, has also gone from virgin stargazer to insatiable amateur astronomer. And now she has teamed up with friend and fellow Rotarian Jim Goodenough to offer star-gazing entertainment at public and private events, from birthday parties to a recent fund-raiser for the Laguna Foundation that included snacks and chocolate by a firepit.

On nights when the moon isn’t bright, nearest the new moon, the pair schlep their huge Orion telescopes to darkened fields and hillsides, places where no twinkling city lights will upstage the stars. Their mission is to take party-goers on a visual tour of the universe, from distant galaxies to the moons of Jupiter.

“It’s beautiful. It’s humbling. You imagine the entire universe and you think of your day-to-day issues and they don’t seem quite as important,” Sinkay said of the mind-blowing experience of peering through a powerful lens at distant objects, some literally light years away.

It’s an all-star extravaganza that changes with the season. Moving toward the autumnal equinox and then the winter solstice, star-party guests peering into the telescope might see the bright Andromeda galaxy and near that, the Great Square of Pegasus as well as The Winter Hexagon, a six-sided figure formed by winter’s brightest stars. One of the first things you can see in the evening are the blue and gold stars that make up the eye of the swan in the constellation Cygnus.

The friends came together in their astronomical pursuit by chance. As outgoing president of the Sebastopol Rotary, it is customary to be honored at a “debunking party,” an event that includes a parting gift. A friend of Sinkay’s noticed that she seemed to like stars, having designed her presidential pin in the form of shooting stars. So when she left the job, the club gave her a $250 Astroscan telescope.

“I thought it was a silly thing,” admits Goodenough, the incoming president. “But Linda did backflips over it.”

Sinkay had always been interested in astronomy and took classes in high school and college.

“I did have a small telescope when my kids were younger and I used to take them out to observe the meteor showers,” she said. When she began waxing on about the wonders of space with friends, she discovered many had telescopes gathering dust in closets and garages.

“It inspired them to get their telescopes out and we started having star parties together,” she said.

Among those friends was the skeptic Goodenough, who as soon as he peered at the moons of Jupiter became a convert.

“Now I can identify dozens of constellations. We’ve been on some crazy learning curve ever since,” said Goodenough, a former mechanical design engineer who became a web designer when he was laid off from Agilent 10 years ago.

The star-crazy friends began taking classes at the Ferguson Observatory in Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. And they quickly outgrew Sinkay’s telescope, upgrading to scopes on more secure mounts and much larger mirrors that take in more light. With telescopes it’s not the magnification that makes them powerful but the size of the mirror and the quality of the mount.

Moving on not only to more expensive equipment but to more advanced sightings, like nebulae and shooting stars, they launched their Star Parties to support their hobby. As far as Wine Country entertainment, it’s a bargain at $75 a person, $130 per couple and an additional $65 for each additional person.

They will come to you or set up at one of their own designated spots. The party includes light snacks like cake pops frosted and decorated like planetary objects. Parties start at dusk and end whenever guests have seen enough, even if it’s midnight. There is no additional charge for long nights.

“You have to remember we’re having as much fun as they are,” Sinkay said with a chuckle. “We’re doing what we love.”

Looking up, she adds, enriches life in a way that is impossible to measure.

“At the end of the day, when you think back on your own life, what do you remember? You remember those special experiences,” she said. “When I stay up all night looking at the stars, I feel like I’m living a life well lived and experiencing my opportunities to the fullest.”

(You can reach Staff Writer Meg McConahey at 521-5204 or meg.mcconahey@ pressdemocrat.com.)

Article source: http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20120916/LIFESTYLE/120919758/1036/business?Title=Sonoma-County-friends-launch-star-parties-for-astronomy-fans

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Counting shooting stars during Perseid meteor shower? NASA wants those …

Were you one of the millions that watched the 2012 Perseid meteor shower light up the sky during its peak in the early morning hours of August 12? Were you one of those people that couldn’t help themselves and had to count the meteors seen streaking across the sky? Well, according to Science@NASA, now you can put your viewing and counting to good use: NASA wants to hear from you and get those numbers.

That’s right. NASA. Oh, and they have an app for that

It’s called, appropriately enough, “Meteor Counter.”

“We’ve developed an app for Android and iPhones to help amateur sky watchers count meteors in a scientific way and report the results to us,” says Bill Cooke of NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office. “It’s called the ‘Meteor Counter’ and it’s available for free in the Android Marketplace and Apple’s App Store.”

This time-lapse video of the night sky in California's Eastern Sierra region was posted on August 4 as the 2012 Perseid meteor shower was halfway to its peak stage.  At its peak on August 12, some observers would view an estimated 100 meteors crossing the sky each hour.

Video: 2012 Perseid Meteor Shower Video

It appears that NASA has a use for the number of shooting stars people see on a given night. The data helps the Meteoroid Environment Office study and model the debris streams of meteor showers. In the particular case of the Perseid meteor shower, an individual might observe during peak hours up to a hundred hurtling meteors each hour. (The average on August 12 was estimated to be at around 90 per hour, according to Geoff Gaherty, who put together a meteor shower schedule or Space.com.)

But if you missed the peak of the 2012 Perseid meteor shower, don’t worry, there are still plenty of meteors to see (and that’s not counting viewing the planetary alignment of Venus, Jupiter, and our waning crescent moon through the morning of August 13).

(Watch the NASA video showing where to view planetary alignment during the 2012 Perseid meteor shower.)

Not only will the Perseids continue to rocket across the heavens — albeit in ever-decreasing numbers — until August 22 (they started entering Earth’s atmosphere on July 23), the biggest shooting star spectacle of the year is followed closely by another meteor shower at the end of the month, the Aurigids (which peak on Sept. 1).

Needless to say, there are plenty of meteors to count.

And if being a meteor counter doesn’t slake your thirst to be an involved and productive citizen scientist, NASA has all sorts of programs available for the amateur and professional astronomer who would like to lend the space agency a helping hand. Programs include observing comets (usually where meteor shower debris originates, such as the Perseids emanating from cast-off from comet Swift-Tuttle), monitoring lunar meteoroid impacts on its dark side, and mapping Mars (because Curiosity and the orbiters can’t do it all).

Article source: http://www.examiner.com/article/counting-shooting-stars-during-perseid-meteor-shower-nasa-wants-those-numbers

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Perseid meteor shower: NASA explains why it’ll be the year’s best

The Perseid meteor shower — set to hit its peak this weekend — is expected to be “the best meteor shower of the year,” NASA says.

That’s because, in addition to the blizzard of shooting stars, some of the most stunning orbs visible to mere mortals will be on sparkling display at the same time.

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The Perseid meteor shower is the glittery result of Earth’s passage through a steam of debris left behind by a period comet called the Swift-Tuttle, according to NASA. Reports of Perseid meteors are already rolling in and are expected to increase in intensity as the weekend gets underway.

Tweet us your Perseid photos at #LATPerseid

“We expect to see meteor rates as high as 100 per hour,” said astronomer Bill Cooke, the head of NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office, in the above video. It was released by NASA on the aptly named website Space.com. “The Perseids always put on a good show.”

Cooke and his team will host an “Up All Night” live chat from Saturday at 11 p.m. to Sunday at 3 a.m. Participants will also get to see live video and audio feeds of the Perseid meteor shower from a camera mounted at the Marshall Space Flight Center.

But the Perseid meteor shower is only part of the treat in store for stargazers, NASA says.

“The brightest planets in the solar system are lining up right in the middle of the [Perseid] display,” NASA says. Specifically, “Jupiter, Venus and the crescent moon are gathering together just as the Perseid meteor shower reaches its peak.”

The red giant star Aldebaran will also be visible, “adding a splash of color to the gathering,” NASA says.

The three celestial orbs will make for a brilliant, three-point line in the sky, all surrounded by shooting stars. The display is expected to be best seen in the eastern skies and in the early morning hours before sunrise.

The show will get better as the weekend winds down. Early Monday, the increasingly narrowing moon will pass even closer to Venus, as Jupiter “hovers” overhead, according to NASA.

This is one of those moments for which astronomy buffs live, according to NASA, which adds:

“Star-watchers say there’s nothing prettier than a close encounter between the slender crescent moon and Venus. Nothing that is, except for the crescent moon, Venus and a flurry of Perseids.”

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Article source: http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-perseid-meteor-shower-primer-20120810,0,5668106.story

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Lassen Park embraces its dark side with astronomy festival – Record

Lassen Volcanic National Park will celebrate the brilliance of darkness with its first Dark Sky Festival this weekend.

The festival runs Friday through Monday and brings attention to pristine night skies that make the park a prime place for stargazing. It includes sky viewings with telescopes; screenings of the film “The City Dark” and astronomy-themed hikes, demonstrations and activities.

There is concern that the star viewings could be obscured by smoke from the Reading Fire, which closed the main road through the park this week.

“We are hoping for the best. It is still going on as planned,” Lassen Park public information officer Karen Haner said of the festival.

“Right now the wind is blowing to the northeast, so it is keeping most of the smoke away from our viewing area,” Kevin Sweeney, interpretation operations supervisor, said Wednesday.

The festival plays to Lassen’s remote location free from the artificial light of cities that hampers views of stars.

“Some folks in urban areas have never seen the Milky Way,” Haner noted.

Lassen’s natural darkness provides the ideal background for stars to pop into view. Like other national parks, Lassen is making more of an effort to draw attention to that asset.

“While we protect lots of different resources, like trees and water, we have come to realize that our dark night sky is another resource,” Sweeney said.

The festival was timed with this weekend’s Perseid meteor shower, expected to be one of the biggest of the year. The peak for the streaks is Saturday night to Sunday morning, according to NASA’s website.

“It’s going to be fantastic,” Sweeney said. “We’ll have lots and lots of shooting stars going across the night sky.”

The Perseids also can be observed at events at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. Turtle Bay Exploration Park’s “Catch a Falling Star — The Perseid Meteor Showers,” a viewing with experts, begins at 9 p.m. Saturday at the parking lot for the Shasta Mine Trail. Whiskeytown and Shasta Astronomy Club will host a meteor viewing party from 8-11 p.m. at the Brandy Creek parking lot.

Lassen Park’s Dark Sky Festival includes opportunities to see meteors and get up-close views of stars, planets and other features in the night sky. Telescopes will be set up from 9:30- 11:30 p.m. Friday through Monday at the Bumpass Hell Trail parking area. Sweeney said those attending should dress warmly.

One of the festival’s featured events is a talk by Tyler Nordgren, author of “Stars Above, Earth Below: A Guide to Astronomy in the National Parks.” Nordgren, a physics professor at the University of Redlands, will speak at 8:30 p.m. Saturday in the Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center at the park’s southwest entrance. His book makes connections between discoveries about planets, moons, nebulae and other astronomy features with the landscapes and natural processes in national parks.

“The City Dark,” an 84-minute movie that has earned prizes at film festivals, will be shown at 10 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m. Saturday through Monday at Kohm Yah-mah-nee. The film by Ian Cheney tells the story of light pollution and disappearing starry skies in many parts of the world.

Haner said the goal of the festival is to increase awareness about the importance of having a dark night sky. “It’s a wondrous thing to be able to go out and see the Milky Way and see the number of stars we have on a clear, dark night,” she said.

“It’s something we want to promote and celebrate,” Sweeney said.

If you go

LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK

Stargazing sessions, 9:30 – 11:30 p.m. Friday through Monday at Bumpass Hell Trail parking lot.

“The City Dark,” a film about light pollution and disappearing starry skies, 10 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m. Saturday through Monday at Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center.

Talk by Tyler Nordgren, author of “Stars Above, Earth Below: A Guide to Astronomy in the National Parks,”

8:30 p.m. Saturday at Kohm Yah-mah-nee.

Talk by Edna Devore of the SETI Institute on “Kepler Mission: Searching for Other Worlds,” 8:30 p.m. Sunday at Kohm

Yah-mah-nee.

Brokeoff Mountain seven-mile strenuous hike led by planetary geologist Nathalie Cabrol. Meet at 8:15 a.m. Saturday and Sunday at Kohm Yah-mah-nee.

Solar system-themed

3.2-mile moderate hike, 11 a.m. Saturday through Monday at Mill Creek Falls trailhead.

Moon Craters and Pop Rockets interactive program, 3:30 p.m. Friday at Loomis Plaza.

More Dark Sky Festival talks, hikes, activities and demonstrations

can be found at

www.nps.gov/lavo.

WHISKEYTOWN NATIONAL RECREATION AREA

Star party to view Perseid meteor shower, 8 – 11 p.m. Saturday at Brandy Creek parking lot. Presented by Whiskeytown National Recreation Area and Shasta Astronomy Club.

TURTLE BAY EXPLORATION PARK

Theme of Saturday’s Family 2nd Saturday is “Holy Shooting Stars: It’s a Meteor Shower.” Astronomy activities planned 10:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Saturday at the park, 840 Sundial Bridge Drive in Redding.

“Catch a Falling Star — The Perseid Meteor Shower,” 9 p.m. Saturday at Shasta Mine Trail parking lot at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area.

Article source: http://www.redding.com/news/2012/aug/08/lassen-park-embraces-its-dark-side-with-festival/

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Perseid meteor shower peaks Sunday

This NASA sky map shows the location in the northern sky where the Perseid meteor shower will appear to radiate from in 2012. The Perseid meteor shower peaks every August and appears to fly out of the constellation Perseus.One of the most pleasant treats on a warm summer night is to lie out under a starry sky and try to see a few shooting stars, or meteors. Luckily, right now is a great time to try to see meteors in the night sky. Any night this week you will have a good chance of seeing the annual Perseid meteor shower.

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Astronomy News from the Montréal Planetarium – It’s Perseids Time!

MONTREAL, Aug. 6, 2012 /CNW Telbec/ – It’s August, and that means the
eagerly awaited Perseids shooting stars will be back soon! The Montréal
Planetarium, a Space for Life, invites you to get out and watch the
annual event on the night of August 11-12, the best time to catch this show in eastern North America. If the sky
is dark and clear, you can expect to spot as many as thirty an hour!
Pull out your lawn chair, dress warmly and take along a thermos of hot
chocolate, for nights can be cool and damp at this time of year. Pick a
viewing spot where the light pollution is less intense, if possible
away from the big city.

2012: an average year
This year’s show will be only fair, for two reasons: the maximum number
of shooting stars will occur around 8 a.m. on August 12, long after sunrise. So it is strongly recommended that you head out
the night before to see as many as possible. The other reason is that
the bright crescent Moon will be outshining the dimmest shooting stars
after 1 a.m. A few tips: Don’t gaze directly at sources of light, and try to look to
the left or right of the point in the sky where the meteors seem to be
coming from (the constellation of Perseus, for the Perseids). And if
the weather isn’t co-operating, you can still see some shooting stars
on the few nights before and after the maximum, although you may have
to wait longer and look harder. While you’re out there, why not bring
along your starfinder and brush up on your knowledge of the seasonal
constellations?

Perseids facts
This magical show is produced by tiny specks of dust that burn up as
they plunge into the upper atmosphere, 65 to 135 km above the Earth, at
tremendous speeds of 60 km/s. As they are consumed they heat the air
around them and produce the trail of light that we see as a “shooting
star.” The dust is miniscule debris left behind by comets that
disintegrate as they repeatedly pass near the Sun. The Perseids are
remnants of comet Swift-Tuttle, and continue to cross through the
Earth’s orbit on the same dates every year, just like a few other
clusters of dust from other comets. They are known as the Perseids
because through a trick of perspective they all seem to emerge from the
same vanishing point, or radiant, in the constellation of Perseus.

For more information on the Perseids
In addition to detailed explanations of this meteor shower and
stargazing tips, on its website, the Planetarium is also offering free
presentations for the public. From August 10 to 12, between 11 a.m. and
3 p.m., a Planetarium staff member will be on hand at the Biodôme site
to provide advice and information on the Perseids. Meet up outside, if
the weather is good, or inside if it’s raining.

Get together with family and friends and enjoy this magical starry show!
And remember to make a wish!

SOURCE: Espace pour la vie

For further information:

Karine Jalbert, Communications Co-ordinator
Telephone: 514 872-1453/ 514 250-3230
E-mail: karinejalbert@ville.montreal.qc.ca

Anik Robichaud-Gauvin, Communications Assistant
Telephone: 514 868-3123
E-mail: anik.robichaud-gauvin@ville.montreal.qc.ca

Article source: http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1016977/astronomy-news-from-the-montreal-planetarium-it-s-perseids-time

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