Archive for space station

NASA: New pump resolves big space station leak

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CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) – An impromptu spacewalk over the weekend seems to have fixed a big ammonia leak at the International Space Station, NASA said Thursday.

The “gusher” erupted a week ago, prompting the hastiest repair job ever by residents of the orbiting lab. Spacewalking astronauts replaced a suspect ammonia pump on Saturday, just two days after the trouble arose.

NASA is now calling the old, removed pump “Mr. Leaky,” said flight controller Anthony Vareha.

“Right now, we’re feeling pretty good. We definitely got the big leak,” Vareha said in a NASA broadcast from Mission Control in Houston.

Vareha said engineers don’t know whether the pump replacement also took care of a smaller leak that has plagued the system for years. It will take at least a couple months of monitoring to know the full status.

Ammonia is used as a coolant in the space station’s radiator system.

The leak forced one of the station’s seven power channels to go offline. NASA hopes to resume normal operations early next week, following computer software updates.

One of the spacewalkers, NASA astronaut Thomas Marshburn, is now back on Earth. He returned this week aboard a Russian Soyuz capsule, ending a five-month mission.

The other spacewalker, Christopher Cassidy, a recent arrival, spent Thursday chatting with three of the actors and a writer-producer of the newest Star Trek movie, “Star Trek into Darkness.” The film was beamed up to the space station a few days before its U.S. opening in theaters Thursday.

Cassidy watched the first half-hour of the movie while he was exercising Thursday morning and offered a stellar review.

“I was riveted as you’re racing through the woods and jumping off cliffs,” he told the actors. “I won’t spoil the rest of the movie for anybody who hasn’t seen it. But pretty cool scenes.”

(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)

Article source: http://www.9news.com/news/sidetracks/337020/337/NASA-New-pump-resolves-big-space-station-leak-

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First quilter in space: NASA astronaut plans to turn orbital rags to stitches

NASA

NASA astronaut (and quilter) Karen Nyberg looks out the window of the Japanese Kibo laboratory on the International Space Station in 2008.

When astronaut Karen Nyberg is launched to the International Space Station, she’ll bring something entirely new to the space frontier: the art of quilting.

“I enjoy sewing and quilting,” she explained during a televised interview from Moscow. “I am bringing some fabric with me, and thread. I’m hoping to create something. I don’t know what yet it will be — that’s part of creativity. It comes with the feeling of the day. So I have the supplies at my hands to create, if I get the opportunity and the creative notion to do so.”


When she’s launched into space on May 28, she’ll be taking four “fat quarters” with her (pieces of fabric that are 18 by 22 inches), along with some needles and thread. But up-cargo limitations and safety issues mean she can’t take a sewing machine, an iron, paints, a rotary cutter or other common tools of quilters.

Stitching in zero-G
To do quilting in zero gravity, she’ll have to brace herself somewhere so she and her fabrics don’t float around, find some good light, and keep her thread and thread clippings under strict control so they don’t float into someone’s face and eyes.

Precision stitching will surely be a challenge for her too, since she, the fabric, and the thread will want to float free, not sit steady and still. As she explained in a recent tweet, “It will be great experiment controlling everything!”

K. Nyberg / NASA

Karen Nyberg created this quilt for her niece.

Though she’s limited in the material and equipment she can bring into space, Nyberg can use fabric or patches from the discarded astronaut clothing already on board the space station — some of it quite colorful. As a rule, the space station crew members wear a flight suit for a week and then discard it. There are no laundry facilities aboard the space station, so the uniforms are generally added to the trash heap that builds up inside a Russian Progress resupply ship after it is emptied. Eventually, the Progress is jettisoned, and everything in it burns up in Earth’s atmosphere.

The issue of obtaining sewing scraps from a readily available “rag bag” in orbit first came up in a face-to-face interview in Houston last month. She broke into a broad, excited smile: “Discarded clothing — fantastic idea!”

And although paints and dyes are forbidden on the space station, Nyberg pointed out that there are condiments aboard that can take their place, which might be used as decoration — ketchup, mustard and chili sauce can make for some interesting painting materials.

Down to Earth
The first quilt in space would be an exciting, unique and valuable item. Bringing a quilt back to Earth might be a problem, since Nyberg has a limited space allotment in the Soyuz capsule she’ll be traveling in next November. But she hopes to bring at least some of her handiwork back with her.

Fortunately, there may be additional opportunities to bring her space handiwork down to Earth. Unmanned SpaceX Dragon cargo capsules are carrying supplies up to the space station, with the next flight scheduled in November. The Dragon has a large volume for returning cargo to Earth, and NASA and SpaceX should be able to find room for a quilt or two.

If Nyberg has access to a cosmic rag bag of discarded uniforms from many countries — the United States, Russia, Canada, Italy, Japan and others — think of what her fellow quilters back on Earth could do with such star-struck materials.  NASA could decide to recycle space-flown uniforms back to Earth someday, and distribute them to quilters as part of a citizen outreach project.

The International Space Station itself is already a patchwork quilt of hardware: equipment, life support systems and structural elements that have been fabricated in various nations and pieced together over more than a decade. As with quilting, the station’s life support systems emphasize recycling and re-use.

Nyberg has not mentioned any designs for her quilts. She said that she’s “counting on creativity when I get there.”  She has a sketch pad, a pencil and a pencil sharpener to draw out the ideas that come to her. Whether it follows a traditional design, or a new look dictated by cosmic imagination, whether it’s simple or fancy, the first quilt in space will undoubtedly become one of those precious images we’ll have sewn into our culture.

More about space crafts:


NBC News space analyst James Oberg spent 22 years at NASA’s Johnson Space Center as a Mission Control operator and an orbital designer. Alcestis Oberg is a science writer and quilt collector. The Obergs are co-authors of “Pioneering Space: Living on the Next Frontier.”

Article source: http://science.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/14/18254269-first-quilter-in-space-nasa-astronaut-plans-to-turn-orbital-rags-to-stitches?lite

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Skylab: How NASA’s First Space Station Worked (Infographic)

Infographic: How Skylab, NASA's First Space Station Worked.

After the final Apollo moon landing, NASA repurposed surplus Apollo and Saturn V rocket hardware for the Skylab space station program. Nine astronauts inhabited Skylab for a total of 171 days between May 1973 and November 1974. Skylab itself fell back to Earth on June 11, 1979.

Until the mid-20th century, space scientists imagined that a space station would probably take the form of a giant wheel, rotating slowly to generate artificial gravity. By the 1960s, a more practical idea was to launch a rocket stage into orbit and drain its remaining fuel into space. Astronauts could install life-support systems and stock the station with food and water to sustain them for months.

Skylab’s overall length was 86.3 feet (26.3 meters) without the Apollo Command and Service Module attached. The workshop’s diameter was 21.67 feet (6.6 meters). [Photos: Skylab, the 1st U.S. Space Station]

As the design for Skylab progressed, engineers realized that the station would not be required to burn its own fuel to reach orbit and then be outfitted in space for habitation. Instead, the workshop could be launched already stocked with food, air, water and living accommodations.

Space Station Evolution: 6 Amazing Orbital Outposts

Unlike an Apollo moon mission, where all components were launched on a single booster rocket, Skylab would require multiple launches. First, the Skylab workshop itself was launched into orbit on May 14, 1973. Three crews of three Apollo astronauts would be launched on separate Saturn 1B rockets. 

Nine astronauts were selected to inhabit Skylab. The Skylab 2 crew of Joseph Kerwin, Charles Conrad and Paul Weitz launched on May 25, 1973, spending 28 days aboard Skylab. The Skylab 3 crew of Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma and Alan Bean launched on July 28, 1973,  spending 59 days aboard. The Skylab 4 crew of Gerald Carr, Edward Gibson and William Pogue lauched on Nov. 16, 1973, spending 84 days aboard.

During launch, malfunctions crippled Skylab’s capacity to generate electrical power and prevent overheating. One of the main solar panels was torn away completely. The remaining solar panel was jammed by fragments of a meteoroid shield that had also been torn away.

With the meteoroid shield gone, the lab was unprotected from the sun’s heat. The exterior quickly heated up to about 200 degrees Fahrenheit (93 degrees Celsius) higher than expected.  Plans were made to salvage the mission. The first crew would deploy a parasol, called the Skylab sun shade, through an airlock. A later crew would deploy a more effective sunshade. Another problem was lack of electricity due to the jammed solar panel.

Skylab 2 crew member Paul Weitz stood in the command module hatch to use cutters attached to a long pole, but he could not cut the aluminum strap holding down the panel. NASA scrambled to prepare another plan to free the panel. A few days later, Weitz and Charles Conrad succeeded in freeing the panel during a spacewalk.

The living area of Skylab was originally the fuel tank of the Saturn SIV-B rocket stage. Compared to the space capsules previously used by U.S. astronauts, Skylab’s habitable volume was enormous: 12,750 cubic feet (361 cubic meters). The Apollo command module had only 218 cubic feet (6.17 cubic meters) of living space.

Skylab’s heated serving tray was an improvement over the Apollo program’s meals in plastic bags that had to be reconstituted with injected hot water.

Following the Skylab program, NASA’s efforts went  into  getting the new space shuttle off the ground. By 1978, the abandoned Skylab was falling out of orbit because solar heating had expanded Earth’s atmosphere, increasing the friction as Skylab orbited and dragging it down.

NASA hoped that an early space shuttle launch could deliver a reboost module to Skylab in time to blast it into a higher orbit. Unfortunately, Skylab plummeted to  Earth  in 1979, long before the shuttle was ready for launch.

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Find out how Skylab, NASA's first space station, worked in this SPACE.com infographic.
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Article source: http://www.space.com/21055-skylab-space-station-nasa-infographic.html

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Skylab’s 40th anniversary

The notion of an orbiting space base — the idea that ultimately became Skylab — first surfaced in 1962 as a proposal to convert a spent Saturn V S-II rocket stage into an orbital workshop.

In 1968, the Marshall Space Flight Center proposed an alternative to the concept of refurbishing a space station in orbit. Instead, a fully equipped workshop, it was decided, could be launched as a complete unit ready for research visits from astronauts.

Launched 40 years ago, in May 1973, Skylab became America’s first space station. The goals for the space lab were primarily to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the sun, and the stars. Experiments tackled the basic notion of how space affects living beings. Skylab looked at the effects of weightlessness on man and other living organisms, the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and made Earth resource observations, as well as UV astronomy experiments and detailed X-ray studies of the sun.

Occupied in succession by three teams of three crew members, these crews spent 28, 59, and 84 days orbiting the Earth and performing nearly 300 experiments.

Skylab astronauts took this photograph as they approached the orbiting laboratory on the third and final mission in November 1973.

May 12, 2013 4:00 AM PDT

Photo by: NASA

| Caption by: James Martin

Article source: http://news.cnet.com/2300-19514_3-10016797.html

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Spacewalk encourages NASA but leak remains a concern

(CBS News) Two U.S. astronauts had just two days to plan a spacewalk to fix a leak, but it could be a month before we know if the mission was a success.

With a view of the Earth below, astronauts Thomas Marshburn and Christopher Cassidy carefully searched for the ammonia leak.

NASA was already aware of a very small leak that has been releasing about 5 pounds of ammonia per year, but last Thursday something changed, and the leak rate jumped up to 5 pounds per day.

The ammonia could be seen as small white flakes moving away from the space station. It crystallizes in the deep cold of space.

“All spacewalks are inherently dangerous,” CBS News space consultant Bill Harwood said. “The astronauts are flying around the Earth at 5 miles per second, and obviously in that environment in a total vacuum that’s not something to take lightly.”

CBS News space updates

Ammonia is the coolant of choice aboard the space station to carry away the heat generated by the lab’s electrical gear.

The leak was not considered an immediate threat to the crew, but NASA hopes to operate the space station through at least 2020.

“Losing a coolant loop in and of itself is not a terribly critical failure, but it’s a lot like taking a long trip in your car and you lose your space tire,” said Harwood. “You can still drive the car, but you sure don’t want another flat.”

After not being able to locate the leak, Marshburn and Cassidy removed and replaced the pump assembly in case that’s where the leak originated.

All told, the exercise took over five hours. NASA was encouraged by the results.

The astronauts will now keep an eye on that part of the space station for the next few days to see if they fixed the problem.

Although they didn’t see any ammonia during their space walk, Marshburn and Cassidy did what’s called a “bake out” before returning to the space station. That’s where they let the sun’s intense rays burn off ammonia that may have gotten onto the suits. They didn’t want to bring any of the toxic chemicals back inside.

Article source: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18563_162-57584060/spacewalk-encourages-nasa-but-leak-remains-a-concern/

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NASA’s Spacesuits Through the Years: Photos

With the end of the space shuttle program, NASA began working on a spacesuit that astronauts could wear for forays into deep space, beyond where the space station flies. Last month, the agency awarded an 18-month, $4.4-million contract to ILC Dover to design, manufacture and test a new type of spacesuit called the Z-2. Pictured here is a predecessor prototype, the Z-1, which resembles something Buzz Lightyear might have in his closet. The design is intended to be more comfortable and more flexible for spacewalkers than the Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMU, that spacewalkers wear today.

Article source: http://news.discovery.com/space/history-of-space/nasa-spacesuits-through-the-years-130503.htm

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NASA’s Spacesuits Through the Years: Photos

With the end of the space shuttle program, NASA began working on a spacesuit that astronauts could wear for forays into deep space, beyond where the space station flies. Last month, the agency awarded an 18-month, $4.4-million contract to ILC Dover to design, manufacture and test a new type of spacesuit called the Z-2. Pictured here is a predecessor prototype, the Z-1, which resembles something Buzz Lightyear might have in his closet. The design is intended to be more comfortable and more flexible for spacewalkers than the Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMU, that spacewalkers wear today.

Article source: http://news.discovery.com/space/history-of-space/nasa-spacesuits-through-the-years-130503.htm

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All eyes on skies at Goldthwait astronomy night

As the sun retired during twilight last Thursday evening, April 27, a dozen or so Marbleheaders of all ages stood atop Goldthwait Reservation’s chilly rock embankment, peering into the vast night sky.

Here, they all waited patiently as Marbleheader Jim Keating, a retired Marblehead High School science teacher, assured them an object orbiting 211 miles above earth would appear at exactly 8:06 p.m.

With a couple minutes to spare before its arrival, Keating, who is more than willing to share his knowledge about the night sky and whose educational pedigree includes studying at the Space Institute at Johns Hopkins, which controls the Hubble Telescope, directed everyone’s attention to the night’s full pink moon that reflected, sparkled off Marblehead waters as waves rolled in and out.

“This night is unique in that the sun sets exactly when the moon rises,” Keating informed everyone. “Jupiter will be visible to the west. Venus will be viewable, but it’s in the horizon, so it may be difficult to see.”

“Oh. My. Gosh. I see it. There it is,” proclaimed 8-year-old Frankie Kennedy.

His sister, 10-year-old Carolyn, added, “That’s a plane, Frankie, silly.”

“Oh, look, there it is kids. Look, look,” said Keating, pointing to the sky. “What time is it?”

As Keating had determined in his research on NASA’s website before heading to the reservation, the International Space Station was promptly on time.

“Is it like a spaceship or something?” asked Carolyn.

“Well, sort of,” said Keating.

Posing a question the way a teacher would, Keating asked, “Kids, what do you think will happen to it when it gets near the moon?”

Stumped. An adult added, “The earth’s shadow will make it disappear.”

“That’s right,” said Keating.

Sure enough, the International Space Station, which travels at speeds of about 17,500 miles per hour to remain in orbit, looked like a glistening rock placed in a slingshot and spun around. Quickly, it crept its way across the sky then, like magic, vanished.

This is how the evening of astronomy, moon observation and sky watching began as part of the newly established Graham Hale Gardner Cultural Series, named after a young man who passed away from multiple sclerosis and treasured the Goldthwait Reservation.

For close to two hours, Keating and Dr. Eric Reines, a geriatric physician and amateur astronomer, navigated novice stargazers through our Milky Way and solar system, volunteering their time and telescopes in doing so.

“I’m retired,” said Keating. “People were kind enough to show me what’s up there when I was little, so this is just payback.”

“I got an email about tonight,” said Dave Kennedy, who serves on the Goldthwait’s board and brought Frankie and Carolyn out for the event. “So I thought it would be an opportunity for them to learn some scientific facts about the local sky.”

Shaking his head, Frankie spontaneously, enthusiastically offered up, “I just love science!”

After they watched the Space Station disappear, they gathered down on the reservation’s marshy grass, where Reines’ high-powered telescope that he bought in 1986 to observe Halley’s Comet pointed west toward our solar system’s largest planet, Jupiter, and four of its 16 known moons.

“It’s a good all-around telescope for visuals, photography; it is well made and sturdy,” said Reines. “Tonight, with the full moon, it washes out the sky, so we won’t be able to see much by way of star constellations.”

An amazed Sandra Winter, after seeing Jupiter in all its massive glory through Reines’ telescope, said, “That was wild. If you look close enough, you can actually make out Jupiter’s lines.”

Likewise, Winter’s friend, Gene Callahan had never seen Jupiter through a telescope before.

“Years ago, when I was at Salem State, I saw Saturn’s rings,” Callahan said, “Now I can add Jupiter to the list.”

Close by, Keating’s large binoculars, set up on a tripod, gave those in attendance a peek at the moon’s craters up close and “double stars,” a term used to describe two stars whose gravitational pull causes them to dance around one another.

Asked what he enjoys most about sharing his knowledge about the night sky with people, especially children, he referenced his own childhood.

“The best thing for a kid to do is look up; look, you don’t need a telescope to see what’s up there in order to enjoy the night sky,” said Keating, adding however that he’s happy to inform people what they’re looking at.

“We’re starstruck,” he added. “It amazes me that we’re made out of the same elements that are found at the core of stars.”

By 9:30 p.m., everyone had left the reservation with a better understanding of that big, giant sky above our heads, and Keating said there would be plenty more opportunities for Marbleheaders to participate in astronomy nights this spring and summer.

Article source: http://www.wickedlocal.com/marblehead/features/x1398948806/All-eyes-on-skies-at-Goldthwait-astronomy-night

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Earth Day! Astronaut Celebrates Earth from Space




Robotic Arm, station


The robotic arm of the space station give the Earth a “thumbs up” according to Chris Hadfield. Taken on
CREDIT: Chris Hadfield (@Cmdr_Hadfield) / Canadian Space Agency


Earth Day is even celebrated in space.

Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield sent down some well wishes from the International Space Station today (April 22) in honor of Earth Day.

“Good Morning, World, and Happy Earth Day from orbit!” the current space station commander wrote from his Twitter account (@Cmdr_Hadfield) earlier today. “One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.”

Hadfield also spoke to a group of Canadian students and journalists about how life in space has changed his view of the Earth.

“If anything my respect and my concern and my love for the Earth has only been deepened by [having this] new perspective on the planet,” Hadfield said.

Hadfield Earth

Hadfield thinks that a “vital” part of his job is to show the world what it is like to live in orbit, he said during the Canadian event.

The first Canadian commander of the station is known for beaming down beautiful pictures of the Earth from the space station’s perspective as well as creating videos detailing everything from cooking on the station to cutting his nails in microgravity.

Hadfield also reflected on the significance of the Earth through Twitter later in the day.

“One quick look at our planet reminds me of the importance of Earth Day,” Hadfield wrote.

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The image of Earth in space like a blue marble highlighted the planets fragility and the beauty of Earth.

The image of Earth in space like a blue marble highlighted the planets fragility and the beauty of Earth.

NASA has scheduled its own set of Earth Day activities today. The space agency is releasing photos and hosting social media events in honor of the Earth celebration. These events are the culmination of a month-long campaign by the agency to help engage the public with Earth science from space.

Hadfield and two other residents of the International Space Station — Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko and NASA’s Tom Marshburn — are scheduled to fly back to Earth in May after a six-month stint on board the orbiting outpost.

The $100 billion space station has been permanently staffed by astronauts from around the world since 2000. The station was built by five different space agencies representing 15 countries with construction beginning in 1998.

Follow Miriam Kramer on Twitter and Google+. Follow us on Twitter, Facebookand Google+. Original article on SPACE.com.

Article source: http://www.space.com/20760-hadfield-nasa-earth-day-2013.html

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NASA is livestreaming a six-hour spacewalk from the International Space …

I’m still pretty amazed that, as I go about my mundane daily routine, there will be two men performing a spacewalk from a football field-sized space station.

What’s even cooler is that NASA has decided to livestream the whole six-hour experience, which you can check out on the Ustream feed we’ve embedded below.

The spacewalk will be performed by Russian flight engineers Pavel Vinogradov and Roman Romanenko, who are with installing components for a project that will allow us to study plasma waves and the effect of space weather on Earth’s ionosphere. The project itself is called Obstanovka, which is Russian for environment. The cosmonauts will also be retrieving data from an earlier experiment that studied the effects of microbes living on a space station structure.

NASA said this is the first of six tentative spacewalks planned by Russia this year, while the U.S. is scheduled for two additional spacewalks in July.

Image via NASA


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Article source: http://venturebeat.com/2013/04/19/nasa-livestreams-six-hour-spacewalk-from-the-international-spacestation/

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