Archive for The European Space Agency

Mars Express Shows Off The Red Planet’s Flood History

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

The European Space Agency (ESA) said that a new image taken by its Mars Express orbiter shows off flood events that took place on the Red Planet.

The flooding events that took place at Kasei Valles carved out an impressive channel system on Mars that stretches nearly 580,000 square miles. The mosaic taken by Mars Express comprises of 67 images taken with the spacecraft’s high-resolution stereo camera.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars and extends to about 1,800 miles and descends by 1.8 miles in altitude. The image taken by Mars Express spans 613 miles north-south (19–36°N) and 963 miles east-west (280–310°E). The channel begins beyond the southern edge of the image near Valles Marineris and empties into the vast plains of Chryse Planitia to the east.

The channel system splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain known as Sacra Mensa. It rises 1.2 miles above the channels that swerve around it.

“While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time,” said ESA.

Further downstream the image shows how flood waters tried to erase the 62 mile-wide Sharonov crater by crumpling its southern rim. Many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed around Sharonov.

In the region between Sacra Mensa and Sharonov, the mosaic features a detailed look downstream from the northern flank of Kasai Valles. When zooming into the valley floor, it begins to reveal small craters with dust “tails” seemingly flowing in the opposite direction to the movement of water. These craters were formed by impacts that took place after the catastrophic flooding.

ESA said Kasei Valles has likely seen floods of many different sizes, brought on by the changing tectonic and volcanic activity in the nearby Tharsis region over three billion years ago. The landscape was yanked apart under the strain of these forces, making groundwater create not only violent floods, but also fracture patterns seen at Sacra Mensa and Sacra Fossae.

According to the space agency, snow and ice melted by volcanic eruptions also contributed to torrential, muddy outpourings, while glacial activity may have further shaped the channel system.

“Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia,” ESA concluded.

Article source: http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112866798/flood-waters-red-planet-observed-mars-express-060613/

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Mars Express Shows Of The Red Planet’s Flood History

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

The European Space Agency (ESA) said that a new image taken by its Mars Express orbiter shows off flood events that took place on the Red Planet.

The flooding events that took place at Kasei Valles carved out an impressive channel system on Mars that stretches nearly 580,000 square miles. The mosaic taken by Mars Express comprises of 67 images taken with the spacecraft’s high-resolution stereo camera.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars and extends to about 1,800 miles and descends by 1.8 miles in altitude. The image taken by Mars Express spans 613 miles north-south (19–36°N) and 963 miles east-west (280–310°E). The channel begins beyond the southern edge of the image near Valles Marineris and empties into the vast plains of Chryse Planitia to the east.

The channel system splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain known as Sacra Mensa. It rises 1.2 miles above the channels that swerve around it.

“While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time,” said ESA.

Further downstream the image shows how flood waters tried to erase the 62 mile-wide Sharonov crater by crumpling its southern rim. Many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed around Sharonov.

In the region between Sacra Mensa and Sharonov, the mosaic features a detailed look downstream from the northern flank of Kasai Valles. When zooming into the valley floor, it begins to reveal small craters with dust “tails” seemingly flowing in the opposite direction to the movement of water. These craters were formed by impacts that took place after the catastrophic flooding.

ESA said Kasei Valles has likely seen floods of many different sizes, brought on by the changing tectonic and volcanic activity in the nearby Tharsis region over three billion years ago. The landscape was yanked apart under the strain of these forces, making groundwater create not only violent floods, but also fracture patterns seen at Sacra Mensa and Sacra Fossae.

According to the space agency, snow and ice melted by volcanic eruptions also contributed to torrential, muddy outpourings, while glacial activity may have further shaped the channel system.

“Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia,” ESA concluded.

Article source: http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112866798/flood-waters-red-planet-observed-mars-express-060613/

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Mars Express Shows Of The Red Planet’s Flood History

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

The European Space Agency (ESA) said that a new image taken by its Mars Express orbiter shows off flood events that took place on the Red Planet.

The flooding events that took place at Kasei Valles carved out an impressive channel system on Mars that stretches nearly 580,000 square miles. The mosaic taken by Mars Express comprises of 67 images taken with the spacecraft’s high-resolution stereo camera.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars and extends to about 1,800 miles and descends by 1.8 miles in altitude. The image taken by Mars Express spans 613 miles north-south (19–36°N) and 963 miles east-west (280–310°E). The channel begins beyond the southern edge of the image near Valles Marineris and empties into the vast plains of Chryse Planitia to the east.

The channel system splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain known as Sacra Mensa. It rises 1.2 miles above the channels that swerve around it.

“While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time,” said ESA.

Further downstream the image shows how flood waters tried to erase the 62 mile-wide Sharonov crater by crumpling its southern rim. Many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed around Sharonov.

In the region between Sacra Mensa and Sharonov, the mosaic features a detailed look downstream from the northern flank of Kasai Valles. When zooming into the valley floor, it begins to reveal small craters with dust “tails” seemingly flowing in the opposite direction to the movement of water. These craters were formed by impacts that took place after the catastrophic flooding.

ESA said Kasei Valles has likely seen floods of many different sizes, brought on by the changing tectonic and volcanic activity in the nearby Tharsis region over three billion years ago. The landscape was yanked apart under the strain of these forces, making groundwater create not only violent floods, but also fracture patterns seen at Sacra Mensa and Sacra Fossae.

According to the space agency, snow and ice melted by volcanic eruptions also contributed to torrential, muddy outpourings, while glacial activity may have further shaped the channel system.

“Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia,” ESA concluded.

Article source: http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112866798/flood-waters-red-planet-observed-mars-express-060613/

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Mars Express Shows Of The Red Planet’s Flood History

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

The European Space Agency (ESA) said that a new image taken by its Mars Express orbiter shows off flood events that took place on the Red Planet.

The flooding events that took place at Kasei Valles carved out an impressive channel system on Mars that stretches nearly 580,000 square miles. The mosaic taken by Mars Express comprises of 67 images taken with the spacecraft’s high-resolution stereo camera.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars and extends to about 1,800 miles and descends by 1.8 miles in altitude. The image taken by Mars Express spans 613 miles north-south (19–36°N) and 963 miles east-west (280–310°E). The channel begins beyond the southern edge of the image near Valles Marineris and empties into the vast plains of Chryse Planitia to the east.

The channel system splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain known as Sacra Mensa. It rises 1.2 miles above the channels that swerve around it.

“While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time,” said ESA.

Further downstream the image shows how flood waters tried to erase the 62 mile-wide Sharonov crater by crumpling its southern rim. Many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed around Sharonov.

In the region between Sacra Mensa and Sharonov, the mosaic features a detailed look downstream from the northern flank of Kasai Valles. When zooming into the valley floor, it begins to reveal small craters with dust “tails” seemingly flowing in the opposite direction to the movement of water. These craters were formed by impacts that took place after the catastrophic flooding.

ESA said Kasei Valles has likely seen floods of many different sizes, brought on by the changing tectonic and volcanic activity in the nearby Tharsis region over three billion years ago. The landscape was yanked apart under the strain of these forces, making groundwater create not only violent floods, but also fracture patterns seen at Sacra Mensa and Sacra Fossae.

According to the space agency, snow and ice melted by volcanic eruptions also contributed to torrential, muddy outpourings, while glacial activity may have further shaped the channel system.

“Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia,” ESA concluded.

Article source: http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112866798/flood-waters-red-planet-observed-mars-express-060613/

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Mars Express Shows Of The Red Planet’s Flood History

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

The European Space Agency (ESA) said that a new image taken by its Mars Express orbiter shows off flood events that took place on the Red Planet.

The flooding events that took place at Kasei Valles carved out an impressive channel system on Mars that stretches nearly 580,000 square miles. The mosaic taken by Mars Express comprises of 67 images taken with the spacecraft’s high-resolution stereo camera.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars and extends to about 1,800 miles and descends by 1.8 miles in altitude. The image taken by Mars Express spans 613 miles north-south (19–36°N) and 963 miles east-west (280–310°E). The channel begins beyond the southern edge of the image near Valles Marineris and empties into the vast plains of Chryse Planitia to the east.

The channel system splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain known as Sacra Mensa. It rises 1.2 miles above the channels that swerve around it.

“While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time,” said ESA.

Further downstream the image shows how flood waters tried to erase the 62 mile-wide Sharonov crater by crumpling its southern rim. Many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed around Sharonov.

In the region between Sacra Mensa and Sharonov, the mosaic features a detailed look downstream from the northern flank of Kasai Valles. When zooming into the valley floor, it begins to reveal small craters with dust “tails” seemingly flowing in the opposite direction to the movement of water. These craters were formed by impacts that took place after the catastrophic flooding.

ESA said Kasei Valles has likely seen floods of many different sizes, brought on by the changing tectonic and volcanic activity in the nearby Tharsis region over three billion years ago. The landscape was yanked apart under the strain of these forces, making groundwater create not only violent floods, but also fracture patterns seen at Sacra Mensa and Sacra Fossae.

According to the space agency, snow and ice melted by volcanic eruptions also contributed to torrential, muddy outpourings, while glacial activity may have further shaped the channel system.

“Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia,” ESA concluded.

Article source: http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112866798/flood-waters-red-planet-observed-mars-express-060613/

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Mars Express Shows Of The Red Planet’s Flood History

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

The European Space Agency (ESA) said that a new image taken by its Mars Express orbiter shows off flood events that took place on the Red Planet.

The flooding events that took place at Kasei Valles carved out an impressive channel system on Mars that stretches nearly 580,000 square miles. The mosaic taken by Mars Express comprises of 67 images taken with the spacecraft’s high-resolution stereo camera.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars and extends to about 1,800 miles and descends by 1.8 miles in altitude. The image taken by Mars Express spans 613 miles north-south (19–36°N) and 963 miles east-west (280–310°E). The channel begins beyond the southern edge of the image near Valles Marineris and empties into the vast plains of Chryse Planitia to the east.

The channel system splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain known as Sacra Mensa. It rises 1.2 miles above the channels that swerve around it.

“While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time,” said ESA.

Further downstream the image shows how flood waters tried to erase the 62 mile-wide Sharonov crater by crumpling its southern rim. Many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed around Sharonov.

In the region between Sacra Mensa and Sharonov, the mosaic features a detailed look downstream from the northern flank of Kasai Valles. When zooming into the valley floor, it begins to reveal small craters with dust “tails” seemingly flowing in the opposite direction to the movement of water. These craters were formed by impacts that took place after the catastrophic flooding.

ESA said Kasei Valles has likely seen floods of many different sizes, brought on by the changing tectonic and volcanic activity in the nearby Tharsis region over three billion years ago. The landscape was yanked apart under the strain of these forces, making groundwater create not only violent floods, but also fracture patterns seen at Sacra Mensa and Sacra Fossae.

According to the space agency, snow and ice melted by volcanic eruptions also contributed to torrential, muddy outpourings, while glacial activity may have further shaped the channel system.

“Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia,” ESA concluded.

Article source: http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112866798/flood-waters-red-planet-observed-mars-express-060613/

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Mars Express Shows Of The Red Planet’s Flood History

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

The European Space Agency (ESA) said that a new image taken by its Mars Express orbiter shows off flood events that took place on the Red Planet.

The flooding events that took place at Kasei Valles carved out an impressive channel system on Mars that stretches nearly 580,000 square miles. The mosaic taken by Mars Express comprises of 67 images taken with the spacecraft’s high-resolution stereo camera.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars and extends to about 1,800 miles and descends by 1.8 miles in altitude. The image taken by Mars Express spans 613 miles north-south (19–36°N) and 963 miles east-west (280–310°E). The channel begins beyond the southern edge of the image near Valles Marineris and empties into the vast plains of Chryse Planitia to the east.

The channel system splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain known as Sacra Mensa. It rises 1.2 miles above the channels that swerve around it.

“While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time,” said ESA.

Further downstream the image shows how flood waters tried to erase the 62 mile-wide Sharonov crater by crumpling its southern rim. Many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed around Sharonov.

In the region between Sacra Mensa and Sharonov, the mosaic features a detailed look downstream from the northern flank of Kasai Valles. When zooming into the valley floor, it begins to reveal small craters with dust “tails” seemingly flowing in the opposite direction to the movement of water. These craters were formed by impacts that took place after the catastrophic flooding.

ESA said Kasei Valles has likely seen floods of many different sizes, brought on by the changing tectonic and volcanic activity in the nearby Tharsis region over three billion years ago. The landscape was yanked apart under the strain of these forces, making groundwater create not only violent floods, but also fracture patterns seen at Sacra Mensa and Sacra Fossae.

According to the space agency, snow and ice melted by volcanic eruptions also contributed to torrential, muddy outpourings, while glacial activity may have further shaped the channel system.

“Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia,” ESA concluded.

Article source: http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112866798/flood-waters-red-planet-observed-mars-express-060613/

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Herschel to finish observing soon

Herschel_and_Rosette_NebulaThe European Space Agency’s (ESA) Herschel Space Observatory is expected to exhaust its supply of liquid helium coolant in the coming weeks after spending more than three exciting years studying the cool universe.

Herschel was launched May 14, 2009, and, with a main mirror 3.5 meters across, it is the largest, most powerful infrared telescope ever flown in space.

A pioneering mission, it is the first to cover the entire wavelength range from the far-infrared to the submilimeter, making it possible to study previously invisible cool regions of gas and dust in the cosmos and providing new insights into the origin and evolution of stars and galaxies.

In order to make such sensitive far-infrared observations, the detectors of the three science instruments — two cameras/imaging spectrometers and a high-resolution spectrometer — must be cooled to a frigid –456° Farenheit (–271° Celsius), close to absolute zero. They sit on top of a tank filled with superfluid liquid helium, inside a giant thermos flask known as a cryostat.

The superfluid helium evaporates over time, gradually emptying the tank and determining Herschel’s scientific life. At launch, the cryostat was filled to the brim with more than 2,400 quarts (2,300 liters) of liquid helium, weighing 740 pounds (335 kilograms), for 3.5 years of operations in space.

Indeed, Herschel has made extraordinary discoveries across a wide range of topics from starburst galaxies in the distant universe to newly forming planetary systems orbiting nearby young stars.

However, all good things must come to an end, and engineers believe that almost all of the liquid helium has now gone.

It is not possible to predict the exact day the helium will finally run out, but confirmation will come when Herschel begins its next daily three-hour communication period with ground stations on Earth.

“It is no surprise that this will happen, and, when it does, we will see the temperatures of all the instruments rise by several degrees within just a few hours,” said Micha Schmidt from ESA’s European Space Operations Center in Darmstadt, Germany.

The science observing program was carefully planned to take full advantage of the lifetime of the mission, with all of the highest priority observations already completed.

In addition, Herschel is performing numerous other interesting observations specifically chosen to exploit every last drop of helium.

“When observing comes to an end, we expect to have performed over 22,000 hours of science observations, 10 percent more than we had originally planned, so the mission has already exceeded expectations,” said Leo Metcalfe from ESA’s European Space Astronomy Center in Madrid, Spain.

“We will finish observing soon, but Herschel data will enable a vast amount of exciting science to be done for many years to come,” said Göran Pilbratt from ESA’s European Space Research and Technology Center in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. “In fact, the peak of scientific productivity is still ahead of us, and the task now is to make the treasure-trove of Herschel data as valuable as possible for now and for the future.”

Herschel will continue communicating with its ground stations for some time after the helium is exhausted, allowing a range of technical tests. Finally, in early May, it will be propelled into its long-term stable parking orbit around the Sun.

Article source: http://www.astronomy.com/~/link.aspx?_id=7af76ddd-9383-4830-bd7e-e8d34b6e4d41

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Asteroid impact mission targets Didymos

Asteroid-DidymosThe European Space Agency’s (ESA) proposed Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission now has a target: asteroid Didymos. The recent Russian meteor and, on the same day, our planet’s close encounter with an even larger chunk of celestial debris underline the need for us to learn more about these high-speed space rocks.

For the last two years, ESA has been working with international partners on the mission concept. Last week, research centers each side of the Atlantic agreed the spacecraft would target asteroid Didymos. Currently under study, the mission would intercept Didymos around the time of the asteroid’s closest approach to within 7 million miles (11 million kilometers) of Earth in 2022.

Didymos is a “binary” with two asteroids orbiting each other — one is roughly 2600 feet (800 meters) across, the other about 500 feet (150m).

AIDA is a low-budget international effort that would send two small craft to intercept a double target. While one probe smashes into the smaller asteroid at around 3.99 miles per second (6.25 km/s), the other records what happens.

One effect would be a change in the orbital ballet of the two objects. AIDA is not intended to show how we could deflect an asteroid that threatens Earth, but it would be a first step.

The craft are conceived to be independent and could achieve most of their goals alone. The collider is the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) from the Johns Hopkins’ Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. ESA’s Asteroid Impact Monitor (AIM) would survey Didymos in detail, before and after the collision.

Didymos poses no risk to our planet, but will come close enough to be observable by 1– to 2–meter–diameter telescopes on Earth before and after the strike. AIM’s close-up view would provide “ground truth” and observe the impact dynamics as well as the resulting crater, allowing ground-based observations and models to be evaluated.

Earlier this month, ESA issued a call for scientists to propose experiments that could be carried on the mission or performed on the ground to increase its return.

“AIDA is not just an asteroid mission, it is also meant as a research platform open to all different mission users,” said Andrés Gálvez from ESA.

“The project has value in many areas,” said Andy Cheng of Johns Hopkins’ Applied Physics Laboratory, “from applied science and exploration to asteroid resource utilization.”

Researchers have until March 15 to express their interest. The experiment ideas can be anything that deals with hypervelocity impacts, planetary science, planetary defense, human exploration, or innovation in spacecraft operations.

The energy released in the AIDA impact at several miles per second is similar to that of a large piece of space junk hitting a satellite. The mission would thus help to model severe spacecraft damage by space debris.

Article source: http://www.astronomy.com/~/link.aspx?_id=24a791d1-7732-4454-aee6-89020f20f15c

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NASA to Unveil Black Hole Discovery Wednesday




Artist's Impression of a Black Hole


An artist’s impression of a black hole like the one weighed in this work, sitting in the core of a disk galaxy. The black-hole in NGC4526 weighs 450,000,000 times more than our own Sun.
CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech


NASA will reveal new findings about black holes during a news conference Wednesday (Feb. 27).

The news conference, which starts at 1 p.m. EST (1800 GMT) Wednesday, will relay results based primarily on observations made by two X-ray space telescopes: NASA’s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton observatory, NASA officials said.

The scientists participating in the briefing are:

  • Fiona Harrison, NuSTAR principal investigator at Caltech in Pasadena
  • Guido Risaliti, astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass.
  • Arvind Parmar, head of Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics Missions Division, European Space Agency

NASA will stream audio of the teleconference, along with participants’ visual aids, live at http://www.ustream.tv/nasajpl2. SPACE.com will carry the NASA feed here.

The $165 million NuSTAR observatory launched in June 2012, kicking off a planned two-year mission to study the universe in high-energy X-ray light. The telescope’s observations should help scientists better understand galaxy formation, black hole growth and other phenomena, mission team members have said.

XMM-Newton is a grizzled space veteran by comparison. The telescope launched in December 1999 and has been probing X-ray emissions around the universe ever since.

Follow SPACE.com senior writer Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall or SPACE.com @Spacedotcom. We’re also on Facebook and Google+.

Article source: http://www.space.com/19950-black-hole-discovery-nasa-nustar-telescope.html

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